Azerbaijan news

The transition from authoritarianism to democracy in three stages

Azerbaijan It has come a long way from a little-known Soviet state outside the USSR to a country that plays an important role in regional and even European politics. To Azerbaijan So far, it has been given the role of energy security ally.

Azerbaijan is a country of contrasts. On the one hand, it is a regime that withstands external and internal challenges, trying to modernize and keep pace with the times, and on the other hand social independent of countries with high levels of stratification, poor protection of private property, high levels of corruption and monopoly in the economy, production, trade, service sector court It is a country that does not have a system and has a leading position in the world rankings for violations of human rights and freedoms.

At the head of state since 1993, Heydar After Aliyev returned to power after an 8-year hiatus, the Aliyev family, which effectively ruled the country, came to a standstill.

Estimates of family governance are contradictory. This is new during the post-Soviet transformation political system and socialpolitical formation of relations, redistribution of property, for power political culture, civic position, national The clan and regional struggle, which determined the nature of thought, took place under conditions of external destructive influences.

At the same time, in the establishment and maintenance of internal and external stability of the state, in the restoration of the country’s territorial integrity President Not to mention the important role of Aliyev, namely, the lack of territorial integrity was the main detonator of many tragedies, losses and setbacks in various spheres of life over the past 35 years.

Expectations of political, social and economic circles that the situation in the country will change in the direction of solidarity between the government and society after the 44-day war did not materialize.

The government still governs the country with strict control in all areas, however, it is constantly changing its staff and attracting young family officials loyal to the family.

But not everything is as it seems.

Society is faced with incompetent management, which is felt in various areas: prices, tariffs. mandatory growth, social lack of public funds for needs, attempts to restrict freedom of speech.

This is happening at a time when young officials are taking on key responsibilities in problem areas. The facts of abuse and dismissal of a number of young people have already been noted. Hopes that they will become the locomotive of progress are fading day by day, and this is causing concern among experts.

Separate efforts are being made to draw the president’s attention to growing problems.

Of society social-Even before the 44-day war, which significantly reduced the growing dissatisfaction with the solution of economic and socio-political problems, the law I often thought about the proposal to apply an accelerated transition model to a new political system that would ensure the harmony of the interests of the elite, society and the state in order to create a just, socially responsible state that recognizes equality before the people.

In my opinion, Of Azerbaijan to accelerate the realization of the creative potential of the whole society, to put an end to poverty, violation of human rights and freedoms, national There is an urgent need for decisions to restructure the political and economic system in order to reach a consensus and take its rightful place among countries with high levels of welfare.

Regardless of the form of government, the transition from authoritarian rule to democratic rule can take up to 15 years.

This period parliament The intervals between elections are also selected on the basis of five-year action plans.

One of two forms of government can be implemented – monarchy and presidentparliament management.

Monarchy

The form of monarchical government provides for the transfer of monarch powers and attributes to the current head of state and the transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy.

1st stage. Absolute monarchy – a monarchy that implies the power of the monarch, which is not limited by anyone or anything. In an absolute monarchy, all authorities are completely subordinate to the monarch, and the will of the people can be formally expressed, for example, through an advisory body. (Wikipedia)

2nd stage. Dualist monarchy (lat. Dualis – dual) – the constitution of the monarch’s authority in the field of legislation and parliament a type of constitutional monarchy (now Morocco, Jordan) that is restricted by, but within which, the ruler has the freedom to make decisions. The monarch has the right to appoint a government (Wikipedia).

3rd stage. Parliamentary monarchy is a type of constitutional monarchy in which the monarch has no real power and performs representative functions.

In a parliamentary monarchy, the government is accountable to parliament, which has more power than other organs of the state (although this may vary from country to country. Britain, Is Japan). (Wikipedia)

In all three types of monarchy, power is inherited or the monarch appoints his successor.

President-parliamentary administration

1st stage. President dualist republic. An important role in the system of state bodies, combining the powers of the head of state and the head of government in the hands of the president. Strong execution the power of the president, while the legislation parliament concentrated in his hands.

2nd stage. Presidential-Parliamentary Republic. The president appoints power ministers and the head of the foreign ministry.

Controls foreign policy and security. The government is elected by parliament, parliament deputies are elected by proportional representation.

The government is accountable to parliament.

3rd stage. Parliamentary-presidential republic.

The functions of the president are representative. Parliament forms the government that shapes and implements domestic and foreign policy. The president acts as an arbitrator and has the right to call the next early parliamentary elections if an internal political crisis arises that the parliamentary forces are unable to resolve within the period prescribed by law.

In all three stages, the incumbent retains his or her position until the end of the 15-year transition period vice president replacement can do.

After this period, general or parliamentary presidential elections are held.

At each stage of the transition period, regardless of one of the two forms of government reforms and related procedures must be carried out and implemented.

1st stage.

– An expert council is established under the President, which includes well-known experts in the field of economy, law, security and reforms, which prepares operational decisions to improve the situation in various fields, as well as develops a strategic reform plan with the participation of the government. Monitors the implementation of the decisions of the Council approved by the President.

– Capital amnesty is announced,

– general amnesty, except for persons who have actually committed proven crimes.

2nd stage.

– to the president report The expert council continues its work, free parliamentary elections are held, the parliament is formed by the government,

– Measures are being taken to expand the participation of civil society in the life of the country,

– full freedom of speech is given,

– Large-scale reforms prepared by the expert council are being carried out.

3rd stage.

The government of the country is the people free passes to the parliament elected by will. The president acts as a symbol of the state.

What do you think?

Action plan for the transition from authoritarianism to democracy

Forms of state structure Reform policy
Stages Monarchy Presidential-parliamentary method of administration
1. Absolute monarchy – a monarchy that implies the power of the monarch, which is not limited by anyone or anything. In an absolute monarchy, all authorities are completely subordinate to the monarch, and the will of the people can be formally expressed, for example, through an advisory body. (Wikipedia) President dualist republic. An important role in the system of state bodies, combining the powers of the head of state and the head of government in the hands of the president. Strong execution the power of the president, while the legislation parliament concentrated in his hands. – An expert council is established under the President, which includes well-known experts in the field of economy, law, security and reforms, which prepares operational decisions to improve the situation in various fields, as well as develops a strategic reform plan with the participation of the government. Monitors the implementation of the decisions of the Council approved by the President.
– Capital amnesty is announced,
– general amnesty, except for persons who have actually committed proven crimes.
2. Dualist monarchy (lat. Dualis – dual) – a type of constitutional monarchy (now Morocco, Jordan) in which the powers of the monarch are limited by law to the constitution and parliament, but within which they have the freedom to decide. The monarch has the right to appoint a government (Wikipedia). Presidential-Parliamentary Republic. The president appoints power ministers and the head of the foreign ministry.
Controls foreign policy and security. The government is elected by parliament, and members of parliament are elected by proportional representation.
The government is accountable to parliament.
– to the president report The expert council continues its work, free parliamentary elections are held, the parliament is formed by the government,
– Measures are being taken to expand the participation of civil society in the life of the country,
– full freedom of speech is given,
– Large-scale reforms prepared by the expert council are being carried out.
3. Parliamentary monarchy is a type of constitutional monarchy in which the monarch has no real power and performs representative functions.
In a parliamentary monarchy, the government is accountable to parliament, which has more power than other organs of the state (although this may vary from country to country. Britain, Is Japan). (Wikipedia)
Parliamentary-presidential republic.
The functions of the president are representative. Parliament forms the government that shapes and implements domestic and foreign policy. The president acts as an arbitrator and has the right to call the next early parliamentary elections if an internal political crisis arises that the parliamentary forces are unable to resolve within the period prescribed by law.
The government passes to a parliament elected by the free will of the people. The president acts as a symbol of the state.



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