The “princely state” in the Caucasus, the khan preparing the revolution, the failed annexation… – NEW PROJECT |
On May 28, 1918 Azerbaijan The announcement of the independence of the People’s Republic is the logical conclusion of the stage of formation of Azerbaijanis as a nation. The name of this republic, ideological symbols and values in its attributes will keep those who live in the shadow of its flag united and strong, even if centuries pass. Only and only the values of the republic that we have been dreaming about for years freeprosperous and whole To Azerbaijan can be considered a road map.
However, despite the fact that 105 years have passed since its independence, some truths about APC are still unknown to the public. This lack of knowledge, arising from objective and subjective reasons, gives rise to many speculations, accusations, and allegations. On the “Pressklub.az” website, we are starting the “Truths of the Republic” project to shed light on this glorious era of our history again and through different sources. Our intention is to share information with the reader as objectively as possible under the current circumstances.
Our first post within the project 20At the beginning of the 20th century, the first revolution plans in Azerbaijan are about who put forward the first initiative and idea in this matter.
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Since the beginning of the 20th century, along with the acceleration of the fall of Tsarist Russia, in the Caucasus political the intensification of violence and ethnic conflicts made it necessary for Azerbaijanis to protect their rights and security. Of this way to work political to organize and unit was to create a state. Thus, like all Caucasian peoples, Azerbaijanis must work, struggle and political– began to take diplomatic steps.
The idea of creating a Turkic state in the Caucasus existed in the thoughts and writings of many intellectuals. However, the first real political attempt in this direction was made by Amiraslan Khan Khoyski, the nephew of Fatali Khan Khoyski, the first head of government of AKP.
The incident in question occurred in the First World War with the Ottomans and Russia coincides with the period of the bloodiest battles between In February 1915, Amiraslan Khan secretly crossed the front line and came to Erzurum. Here he meets with the German consul and the governor of Erzurum. He introduces himself as the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Defense Party. Governor of Erzurum, Ihsan Bey, Caucasian Muslims Russia states that he has plans to raise a revolution against He requests to arrange a meeting with the Minister of Defense (Minister of Defense) Enver Pasha to present and discuss them.
Ottoman Interior Control (Ministry of Internal Affairs) is conducting research on Amiraslan Khan. As a member of “Difai”, Ahmet Bey Agaoglu is requested to inform about his identity. Agaoglu says that the Khoyskis are a reliable generation and the Amiraslan Khan can be trusted.
As a result, Amiraslan Khan Khoyski was accepted by Anwar Pasha. During the negotiations, he told Enver Pasha to build an independent “Swiss-style” state in the Caucasus, including many nationalities. offer does. Khoyskin’s main goal in this trip Baku, Yelizavetpol, Iravan governorates, Terek and Dagestan, was to get the consent and help of the Ottoman state to build a state. In the project presented to Anwar Pasha Azerbaijan It was not about joining the Ottoman state, but about the creation of an independent state here. In return, Khoyski said that hundreds of thousands of Muslims in the Caucasus were ready to fight against Russia, and promised to raise the Muslims of Dagestan and the South Caucasus to revolt against the tsar.
If he had not experienced the Sarıgamyş disaster just a month ago, Anvar Pasha would have been involved in this project trust wouldn’t do. Because Agaoglu stated in his report that “Difai” is no longer active. So, Khoyski did not have an organization that would unite Muslims in the Caucasus. Ahmed Bey also said that the Khoyski family is famous in Ganja. So, if Amiraslan Khan was going to prepare a rebellion, he must be the center of it Ganja It had to be. Ganja and at that time military was controlled by the regime.
Despite all this, Pasha considered this plan acceptable. Enver Pasha’s target is in the Caucasus Russia and the creation of a state that would act as a buffer between the Ottoman Empire and be governed from Istanbul. Ottoman judge according to the final position of the circles, this “Islamic state” under the tutelage of Turkey should be under the rule of the Ottoman prince.
Pasha considered the plan acceptable, but the army suffered successive defeats at the front. During his stay in Turkey, Khoyski realized that the Ottoman Empire had weakened considerably. Therefore, Amiraslan Khan played a “double game”. He held parallel negotiations with the Ottomans and Germany and made the same proposals to both sides.
Khoyski, who gradually lost hope in the Ottoman Empire, went to Istanbul in September 1915 and visited Germany. ambassador He also negotiated with Baron von Wangenheim about the rise of Muslims against Russia and the future status of the Caucasus. At the end of the negotiations, Khoisky was able to get assurances from von Wangenheim that the Caucasus would be independent. But this guarantee would be valid if the uprising of the Caucasian Muslims against Russia was successful and the German-Ottoman bloc won the war. This never happened. As a result of the successive defeats of Germany and the Ottoman Empire at the front, Amiraslan Khan Khoyski’s plan for a “Swiss model Caucasian state” failed.
But with all his efforts, Amiraslan Khan Khoyski can be considered the first political figure who started the independence movement?
Of course not. Because his “Caucasus state” proposal was considered acceptable by the Union and Progress government only under one condition: “The state will obey the will of the Ottoman prince.”
This was annexation, not independence. Amiraslan Khan Khoyski did not give up his annexation position even after the establishment of the republic…
Sources used:
“Republic of Azerbaijan 1918-1920. Ottoman Archive Documents.
“Republic of Azerbaijan 1918-1920. In the Ottoman Press
“Ottoman Empire during the First World War Azerbaijan politics”
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